Cardiovascular disease risk factors and ventilatory function: a cross-sectional study in young adults

Research article

Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Patricia Bustos, Hugo Amigo, James Potts and Roberto J Rona

BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014, 14:206  doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-206

Published: 18 December 2014

Abstract (provisional)

Background

The association between impaired lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been shown in adults. However, there is little evidence of such an association in young adults, particularly from South America, where the burden of CVD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is as high as that observed in more developed countries. We therefore investigated the relation between CVD risk factors including metabolic syndrome (MS), and lung function status in young adults from Chile.

Methods

970 subjects from a sample of 998 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile were studied. A Spanish translation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), glycaemia, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were also assessed.

Results

The prevalence of MS was 11.8%. A lower FEV1 and lower FVC were associated with having MS (beta-coefficient -0.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] -0.21 to -0.05, and beta-coefficient -0.18; 95% CI -0.27 to -0.09, respectively). Both spirometric measures were also negatively associated with having an elevated HOMA-IR (beta-coefficient for FEV1 -0.08; 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03, and beta-coefficient for FVC -0.11; 95% CI -0.17 to -0.05). In males only, a lower FEV1 and FVC were associated with having elevated triglycerides (beta-coefficient highest vs. lowest tertile -0.13, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.03, and beta-coefficient -0.13, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.01, respectively). In women, a higher FEV1 and FVC were statistically significantly related to having higher levels of HDL. Ventilatory function was unrelated to hypertension or WC in this population.

Conclusion

Many CVD risk factors are associated with poorer ventilatory function in young adults. Endeavours to understand better causality issues of such associations are warranted.